Terremoto em Mianmar: por que os números de mortos e feridos são imprecisos?
Tremor teve magnitude de 7.7, deixou um rastro de destruição no país, mais de 730 feridos e 144 mortos
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Terremoto em Mianmar: número de feridos e mortos aumenta (Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP/AFP)
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Publicado em 28 de março de 2025 às 14h16.
Última atualização em 28 de março de 2025 às 15h17.
O Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos (USGS) afirmou nesta sexta-feira que estima que centenas de pessoas morreram no terremoto que atingiu Mianmar hoje mais cedo. O governo local acionou estado de emergência em seis regiões, mas divulgou pelo Telegram 144 mortos e mais de 732 feridos. Os números não coincidem.
Mianmar é governado por uma junta militar, o Tatmadaw (Forças Armadas birmanesas), desde 2021, formada após um golpe de Estado que resultou em uma repressão violenta e desencadeou um dos conflitos mais graves da história recente do país. A justificativa do Tatmadaw foi que as eleições de 2020 estavam supostamente marcadas por fraude eleitoral, alegações que, até hoje, não foram comprovadas.
Entre as maiores críticas estava a de que inúmeras minorias étnicas foram vetadas do voto. Muçulmanos e rohigyas, por exemplo, foram deixados de fora pela falta de nacionalidade birmanesa ou pela presença em campos de refugiados.
A junta militar tem controle total sobre TVs, rádios e jornais locais. E a internet também é restringida — o que dificulta o acesso a informações sobre o terremoto, bem como eventuais confirmações nos números de mortos e feridos.
O último comunicado do Tatmadaw informa que o tremor teve magnitude de 7.7, com menos de 150 mortos e mais de 730 feridos. Na cidade de Bankrok, na Tailândia — também atingida pelo terremoto —, um prédio em construção desabou perto do famoso mercado Chatuchak. Pelo menos três pessoas morreram e mais de 80 operários ficaram presos ou soterrados nos escombros.
Terremotos em Mianmar são relativamente frequentes, já que a região está localizada perto de uma zona de alta atividade tectônica. Entre 1930 e 1956, seis tremores com magnitude 7 ou superior foram registrados na falha de Sagaing, que percorre o centro do país, segundo o USGS. O órgão americano enviou um "alerta laranja para mortes e perdas econômicas relacionadas ao terremoto", mas destacou que o número de mortos poderia ficar entre 100 e mil pessoas.
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![Emergency services crew survey the site of a collapsed building in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A massive earthquake on March 28 turned a major hospital in Myanmar's capital into a]( "Emergency services crew survey the site of a collapsed building in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A massive earthquake on March 28 turned a major hospital in Myanmar's capital into a")
1/11 Emergency services crew survey the site of a collapsed building in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A massive earthquake on March 28 turned a major hospital in Myanmar's capital into a "mass casualty area", while at least three people were killed and dozens trapped in neighbouring Thailand when a skyscraper collapsed. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP) (THAILAND-MYANMAR-QUAKE)
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![The debris of a construction site is pictured after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)]( "The debris of a construction site is pictured after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)")
2/11 The debris of a construction site is pictured after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP) (THAILAND-MYANMAR-QUAKE)
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![Blood is seen on the face of an earthquake survivors as she rests in a hospital in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP)]( "Blood is seen on the face of an earthquake survivors as she rests in a hospital in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP)")
3/11 Blood is seen on the face of an earthquake survivors as she rests in a hospital in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP) (MYANMAR-THAILAND-QUAKE)
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![A man walks along a damaged road in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake hit Myanmar and neighbouring Thailand on March 28, turning a major hospital in the Burmese capital into a]( "A man walks along a damaged road in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake hit Myanmar and neighbouring Thailand on March 28, turning a major hospital in the Burmese capital into a")
4/11 A man walks along a damaged road in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake hit Myanmar and neighbouring Thailand on March 28, turning a major hospital in the Burmese capital into a "mass casualty area" and trapping dozens of workers in an under-construction skyscraper in Bangkok. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP) (MYANMAR-THAILAND-QUAKE)
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![A rescue worker looks at debris at a construction site after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)]( "A rescue worker looks at debris at a construction site after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)")
5/11 A rescue worker looks at debris at a construction site after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP) (THAILAND-MYANMAR-QUAKE)
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![Rescue workers stand near the debris of a construction site after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)]( "Rescue workers stand near the debris of a construction site after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)")
6/11 Rescue workers stand near the debris of a construction site after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP) (THAILAND-MYANMAR-QUAKE)
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![Rescue teams are seen at a construction site where a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)]( "Rescue teams are seen at a construction site where a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)")
7/11 Rescue teams are seen at a construction site where a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP) (THAILAND-MYANMAR-QUAKE)
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![Medical workers and people walk past boxes of medical material placed in the compound of a hospital in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP)]( "Medical workers and people walk past boxes of medical material placed in the compound of a hospital in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP)")
8/11 Medical workers and people walk past boxes of medical material placed in the compound of a hospital in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP) (MYANMAR-THAILAND-QUAKE)
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![Patients lie on beds in the compound of Phramongkutklao Hospital in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Chanakarn Laosarakham / AFP)]( "Patients lie on beds in the compound of Phramongkutklao Hospital in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Chanakarn Laosarakham / AFP)")
9/11 Patients lie on beds in the compound of Phramongkutklao Hospital in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Chanakarn Laosarakham / AFP) (THAILAND-MYANMAR-QUAKE)
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![Rescue workers walk past the debris of a construction site after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)]( "Rescue workers walk past the debris of a construction site after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)")
10/11 Rescue workers walk past the debris of a construction site after a building collapsed in Bangkok on March 28, 2025, following an earthquake. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP) (THAILAND-MYANMAR-QUAKE)
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![Medical workers transport an earthquake casualty in the compound of a hospital in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP)]( "Medical workers transport an earthquake casualty in the compound of a hospital in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP)")
11/11 Medical workers transport an earthquake casualty in the compound of a hospital in Naypyidaw on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake in central Myanmar. A powerful earthquake rocked central Myanmar on March 28, buckling roads in capital Naypyidaw, damaging buildings and forcing people to flee into the streets in neighbouring Thailand. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP) (MYANMAR-THAILAND-QUAKE)
O que já se sabe sobre o terremoto no Mianmar?
O terremoto ocorreu às 12h50 (horário local, 3h20 de Brasília), a uma profundidade de 10 quilômetros, com epicentro localizado a cerca de 17 quilômetros de Mandalay, a segunda maior cidade do país, com 1,2 milhão de habitantes, de acordo com o USGS. Fontes humanitárias no local disseram à Agência EFE que vários edifícios desabaram em Mandalay, enquanto um mosteiro foi destruído na cidade de Taungoo, deixando 20 crianças presas.
Na cidade de Sagaing, uma ponte ficou completamente submersa, de acordo com as mesmas fontes. Os efeitos do terremoto também foram sentidos fortemente em Yangon, a maior cidade do país, onde prédios foram evacuados, segundo relataram à EFE vários moradores.
As medições do USGS, que levam em consideração o epicentro do terremoto, indicam que 7 mil pessoas foram expostas a "tremores violentos"; 2,8 milhões a "tremores profundos" e mais de 10 milhões a "tremores fortes ou muito fortes". O desastre de hoje é um dos mais fortes registrados nos últimos anos. Em agosto de 2016, um sismo de 6,8 graus de magnitude atingiu o país.
"É provável que haja vítimas e danos consideráveis, e o desastre pode ser generalizado. Os alertas laranjas anteriores exigiram uma resposta regional ou nacional", ressaltou o USGS em um comunicado.
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